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General Discussion and Opinions
Toxins and Acute Effects
Digestibility and Bioavailability
Allergenicity
Impacts on Immune Function
Cancer
Foreign and Naked DNA
Gene Silencing
Other Potential Impacts
Indicates Link Outside Ag BioTech InfoNet
Indicates Technical Paper

General Discussion and Opinions
Scientist breaks protocol GE urgent warning,
BizFood News, March 1, 2004
- Detection of corn intrinsic and recombinant DNA fragments and Cry1Ab
protein in the gastrointestinal contents of pigs fed genetically
modified corn 2003, J. Anim. Sci. 2003. 81:2546-2551 - ABSTRACT
- Year 2002 In Review - Part 2,
Bumpy Road for Biotech, Rachel's Environment and Health
News, #760, January 30, 2003
- Modified-Crop Makers Faulted On Safety Data Sent to FDA,
Wall Street Journal, January 7, 2003
- How safe is GM food?, The Lancet, Vol 360, Number 9342, October 26, 2002
- A Different Perspective on GM Food, Nature Biotechnology,
October 2002 Vol 20, No10 p, 969, posted on AgBioView October 8, 2002
- GM Maize Approved on Bad Science, ISIS Report, February 26, 2002
- Unraveling the DNA Myth -- The Spurious Foundation of Genetic
Engineering, by Barry Commoner, Harpers, February 2002

Foods derived from Modern Biotechnology, WHO 53rd Session, World Health Assembly
Report
- Summary of the study entitled: Health-relevant and environmental aspects of different farming systems:
organic, conventional and genetic engineering, Published by: InterNutrition - Swiss Association for Research and
Nutrition, Switzerland
- Common Plant Vector Injects Genes into Human Cells, I-SIS (The Institute of Science in Society),
September 24, 2001
- Genetically Modified Foods: Are They a Risk to Human/Animal Health?,
by Arpad Pusztai, Ph.D. June 2001
- Ministry to fund GM food tests on humans, Sunday Times (London), May
23, 2001
- Tainted pigs show up in sausage at funeral, Associated Press,
June 3, 2001
- Scientists fear biotech will harm food supply,
Globe and Mail (Globe Interactive, a division of Bell Globemedia
Publishing Inc.) May 2, 2001
- Risks of genetic engineering, The Hindu,
May 3, 2001
- Inspection of the Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified, the Roundup
Tolerant Soybean: Monsanto's Dangerous Logic as seen in the
Application Document submitted to Japan, By Masaharu Kawata,
Assistant Professor, School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
- Jury Still Out on Genetically Modified Corn, Reuters Health via Yahoo!
News, April 30, 2001
- Research into the Potential Health Effects of Genetically Modified (
GM) Foods,
Medical Research Council, March 22, 2001
- Chemical Formed in Irradiated Food Damages DNA, Recent Study
Reveals, Public Citizen - Critical Mass Energy and Environment Program,
March 2001
Humbled by the Genome's Mysteries, New York Times, February 19, 2001
The Royal Society of Canada's Expert Panel on the Future of Biotechnology --
Element of Precaution: Recommendations for the Regulation of
Food Biotechnology in Canada -- Download the Full
Report (PDF 775K)
Report 10 of the Council on Scientific Affairs (I-00) Genetically
Modified Crops and Foods, American Medical Association, 2000
- Release of Genetically Modified Organisms in the environment: is it a health hazard?, Report from a WHO/EURO-ANPA
Seminar held at the WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Rome Division
Rome, Italy, 7-9 September 2000
- Reporter's Remedy to Cure Biotech's Fear of Drug-Price Controls: Execs
skeptical that illness prevention is profitable solution, San Francisco
Chronicle, October 16, 2000
- Experimenting with Life, Food for Life, 2000
- Deposition by Dr. Lacey (British food safety specialist) in the Alliance for Biointegrity lawsuit
against the FDA's GMO food policies
- Scientists versus the soya industry, Observer (UK),
August 27, 2000
- Genetically Altered Foods: We Are Being Exposed to One of the Largest
Uncontrolled Experiments in History, Chicago Tribune,
September 3, 2000
- Bacillus identity crisis,
Nature Biotechnology, August, 2000
- Fears of a clone, Observer (London), July 2, 2000
Safety Issues Associated with the DNA in Animal Feed Derived From
Genetically Modified Crops. A Review of Scientific and Regulatory
Procedures, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, Series B: Livestock Feeds
and Feeding 2000, Vol. 30, No. 3.
New developments in crop plant biotechnology and their possible implications for food product safety, Report 2000, March 4, 2000 .
The Safety of GE Food; Reasons to Expect Hazards and the Risk for
Their Appearance, Published by PSRAST.
Pest Management at the Crossroads(PMAC),
pesticides and human health.
- Hi-tech crops are bad for the brain, Independent, April 23, 2000
- Do genetically modified foods affect human
health?, Lancet, 355(9201): 414, 29 January 2000.
- Genetically Modified Food Sales 'Dead' In EU Until Safety Certain, Says
Consultant, The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., Washington D.C., March
23, 2000
- Letters to the Editor -- San Francisco
Chronicle, November 10, 1999
- The Fox, the Chickens, and the
Guinea Pigs, The Ottawa Sun,
October 20, 1999
Safety and Farm Health Journal, Issue #2 -- October 1999,
Biotechnology - Tomorrow's Agricultural Safety and Health Issue?
- Scientific Paper Outlining the Potential Health Implications of Genetically Modified
Foods (pdf 68K)– From the United Kingdom’s National Department of
Health
- Editorial: Biotech food/ More than blithe assurances needed,
StarTribute.com, September 17, 1999
- Leaving a Bad Taste, Scientific American, May, 1999
- Health risks of genetically modified foods, The Lancet
Volume 353, Number 9167, 29 May 1999
- MAFF Reveals New Scientific Findings
Confirming Fears Over Health Hazards of GMOs, I-SIS News #3, 1999.
- Special Safety Concerns of Transgenic
Agriculture and Related Issues, Mae-Won Ho, Briefing Paper for Minister of State for the Environment, The Rt Hon
Michael Meacher, ISIS News #3, 1999.
- Gene Technology and Gene Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Mae-Wan Ho's key paper on the role of
biotechnology in the spread of infecious diseases, Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 10:33-59, 1998.
Toxins and Acute Effects
- Glyphosate Applied Preharvest Induces Shikimic Acid Accumulation in Hard
Red Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum), J. Agric. Food Chem.,
51 (14), 4004 -4007, 2003 (Abstract)
- "Trichosanthin in transgenic rice enhances resistance to fungus: Is it
safe for humans?", Prof. Joe Cummins,
March 7, 2002
Genomic changes in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants
produced by infecting calli with Agrobacterium tumefaciens,
ABSTRACT, Plant Cell Reports, Volume 20 Issue 4 (2001) pp
325-330
The Thalidomide of Genetic Engineering,
Revised April 2001 from the GE issue of 'Soil & Health (NZ)' Aug '99
- E. coli 0157:H7 and Genetic Engineering, I-SIS Report, March 21, 2001
- Genetic Engineering Superviruses, I-SIS Report,
June 3, 2001
Genetically Modified (GM) Baculovirus Vectors to Control Insect Pests and
for Gene Therapy, Prof. Joe Cummins, May 2000
Food Safety of GM Crops in Canada:
Toxicity and Allerginicity, E. Ann Clark, 2000.
- Is GM Food Devoid of DNA Safe?, Dr. Michael Antoniou,
Senior Lecturer in Molecular Pathology, London, UK
- Friend or Foe?, New Scientist, October 9, 1999
- Michael Meacher Meets Scientists,
Report on a Meeting of Molecular Biologists called by Michael Meacher,
March 31, 1999
Ectopic expression of the maize homeobox genes
ZmHox1a or ZmHox1b causes pleiotropic alterations in the vegetative and
floral development of transgenic tobacco, The Plant Cell, 8:349-362, 1996
Phytochrome A overexpression in transgenic tobacco.
Correlation of dwarf phenotype with high concentrations of phytochrome
in vascular tissue and attenuated gibberellin levels, Plant Physiology,
107: 797-805, 1995
Molecular analysis of an aurea photosynthetic mutant
(Su/Su) in tobacco: LHCP depletion leads to
pleiotropic mutant phenotypes, The EMBO Journal, 9:4197-4203, 1990
Cell-autonomous behavior of the rolC gene of
Agrobacterium rhizogenes during leaf development: a visual assay for
transposon excision in transgenic plants, The Plant Cell, 1:1157-1164, 1989
Digestibility and Bioavailability
- GM genes found in human gut, The Guardian, July 17, 2002
- Susan Pusztai explains why Bt corn is NOT
"substantially equivalent" in terms of human safety and resistance
management
Fine Structural Changes in the Ileum of Mice Fed on
Endotoxin-Treated Potatoes and Transgenic Potatoes (ABSTRACT),
Natural Toxins, Volume 6, Issue 6, 1998. Pages: 219-233 -- Published
Online: 29 Jun 1999
- Substantial equivalence of antinutrients and inherent plant toxins in genetically modified novel foods,
(Abstract), Food and Chemical Toxicology vol. 38 (6) p.473-483, 2000
- The Problem with the Safety of Roundup Ready Soybeans,
Flinders University, August 1999
Allergenicity
- GM Food: The Risk Assessment of Immune Hypersensitivity Reactions
Covers More Than Allergenicity, by Alexander G. Haslberger,
Food, Agriculture & Environment Vol.1(1):42-45. 2003;
www.world.food.net
Pew on Pew, by Michael Rodemeyer, The Scientist 16[15]:12,
July 22, 2002
- Report on Vancouver Meeting of the Codex Ad Hoc Working Group on
Allergenicity, held on Sept. 10-12, 2001, Vancouver, B.C. Canada
- Green groups to test Bt corn for allergic reaction,
Reuters, October 11, 2001
- FDA To Test for Biotech Allergy, Associated Press, Washington DC, March 20,
2001
- Biotech Corn Is Test Case For Industry: Engineered Food's Future Hinges
on Allergy Study, Washington Post, March 19, 2001
- Comments on the Assessment of Scientific Information Concerning
StarLink Corn (Cry9C Bt Corn Plant-Pesticide) EPA
Docket Number OPP-00688,
Consumers Union's comments
- PDF file containing the 74 page October 25, 2000 Aventis
submission to the EPA seeking a four-year Time-Limited Tolerance
and reporting the result of a detailed new allergenicity risk
assessment (Appendices not included) (pdf 237K)
- Safety Aspects of Genetically Modified Foods of Plant Origin,
Report of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Foods Derived from
Biotechnology, WHO, Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, May 29 - June 2,
2000
The Food Allergy Network is a comprehensive resouce on all aspects of food allergiens.
- Comments from Environmental Defense on EPA's
"Cry9C Food Allergenicity Background Document", Presented to the EPA
Science Advisory Panel, Arlington, VA by Luca Bucchini, Ph.D.
School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University and Rebecca Goldburg, Ph.D
Senior Scientist, Environmental Defense, February 29, 2000
Food Safety of GM Crops in Canada:
Toxicity and Allerginicity, E. Ann Clark, 2000.
- Potential Health Risks of Genetically Modified Organisms: How Can Allergens
be Assessed or Minimized, S.B. Lehrer, from Agricultural Biotechnology and the Poor,
International Conference on Biotechnology, The World Bank, October 1999.(PDF 140K)
- Genetic engineering of crops as potential
source of genetic hazard in the human diet, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology And Environmental Mutagenis,
443(1-2):223-234, July 15,1999
- Genetically Modified Foods and
Allerginicity: Safety Aspects and Consumer Information Report
(PDF 134K), Consumer & Biotechnology Foundation, May 28-29, 1999
Impacts on Immune Function
Cancer
- GM expert warns of cancer risk from crops, The Sunday Herald,
December 8, 2002
PMAC,
pesticides
and cancer.
- Tumor-Causing Plant Bacteria May Infect Human Cells, Reuters Health
News, January 31, 2001
- Earlier evidence of trans-kingdom movement of DNA
-
Bacterial conjugative plasmids bacteria and yeast, Nature, 1989 Jul 20;340(6230):205
- Movement of shuttle plasmids from Escherichia coli into yeasts
other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae using trans-kingdom conjugation,
Plasmid 1993 Nov;30(3):251-7
- New Study Links World's
Biggest Selling Pesticide to Cancer: Swedish Study Finds Exposure to Glyphosate and MCPA Increases Risk for
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Press Release from PAN AP (Pesticide Action
Network, Asia Pacific), June 21, 1999
Foreign and Naked DNA
Gene Silencing
Other Potential Impacts
- Characterisation of The Roundup Ready Soybean Insert
Belgian scientists discover “unknown DNA” in Monsanto’s genetically
engineered “Roundup Ready” soybeans. European Food Research and
Technology, 213:107-112, 2001
- Mystery DNA Is Discovered in Soybeans by Scientists
The New York Times, August 16, 2001
- Greenpeace Appeals To Scientists For Help To Identify
The Origin Of Unknown DNA in Roundup Ready Soybean, Open letter from Greenpeace
International Science Unit, Exeter, U.K., August 15, 2001
- "Roundup Ready soya: Incomplete data,
missing evaluation and insufficient controls" ,Greenpeace background paper,
August 15, 2001

- Cauliflower Mosaic Viral Promotor --
A Recipe for Disaster?,
Mae-Wan Ho, Angela Ryan and Joe Cummins, Microbial Ecology in
Health and Disease (in press), 1999
- Hazards of Transgenic Plants Containing the Cauliflower Mosaic Viral
Promoter, Author's reply to critiques
- Authors' Reply to Critiques on "Cauliflower Mosaic
Viral Promoter - A Recipe for Disaster?" by Ho, M.W.,
Ryan, A. and Cummins, J. (1999). Microbial Ecology in
Health and Disease (in press)
- How nature itself uses genetic
modification, Commentary, Nature,
403, 12 (2000), January 6, 2000
- Mae-Wan Ho's response to: How nature itself uses genetic modification by Trewavas
and Lever (Nature, January 6, 2000), From Biotech Activists List
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